​​On 12 August 1944, several German units returning from the massacre at Sant’Anna di Stazzema made their way towards Valdicastello, a hamlet in the municipality of Pietrasanta. On their journey, they took three different routes: through the village of La Culla, the Fosso dei Molini, and the path linking the hamlet of I Coletti to I Molini. Upon reaching Valdicastello, they rounded up several hundred men of working age. Fourteen of them were killed and left on the banks of the Baccatoio stream, near the Molino Rosso. Some accounts claim the fourteen were in fact chosen from among those who were present during the massacre at Sant’Anna and had carried ammunition, whilst other sources claim they were selected from among those rounded up in Valdicastello.

​From the group rounded up in Valdicastello, some were transferred late in the afternoon to the Pia Casa sorting centre in Lucca, and from there deported to concentration camps in Germany as labourers. Others, probably suspected of being partisans or their collaborators, were taken to Nozzano Castello. This was the location of the headquarters of Max Simon, commander of the German 16th SS-Panzergrenadier Division ‘Reichsführer-SS’, and the Special Military Tribunal established within the same division. Some of the captured were shot on 19 August in San Terenzo Monti. Others were killed in the days that followed, such as Don Libero Raglianti, parish priest of Valdicastello, who was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal for Civil Valour.

​On 11 August 2021, two plaques were unveiled on the wall of the Molino Rosso in Valdicastello (organised by the Association of the Martyrs of Sant'Anna di Stazzema, the Sant'Anna di Stazzema National Peace Park, and the Municipality of Pietrasanta), in memory of the fourteen victims of Nazi atrocities.​